阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，犹太裔物理学家，为核能开发奠定了理论基础，开创了现代科学技术新纪元，下面是本站小编为你整理的Albert Einstein英文简介，希望对你有用!
Albert Einstein (Albert Einstein, on March 14, 1879 - April 18, 1955), the jewsphysicists。
Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879Ulm,The city of aThe jewsFamilies (parents are jewish), in 1900 graduated from the schoolThe federal institute of technology in Zurich, into theThe 1905,The university of ee, Einstein was put forwardThe photonAssumptions, explains the successThe photoelectric effectSo in 1921The Nobel Prize for physics, the creation ofSpecial theory of ded in 1915General theory of relativity。
Einstein asNuclear energyThus laid a foundation for the development, ushered in a new era of modern science and technology, is acknowledged as the followingGalileo、NewtonSince one of the December 26, 1999, Einstein is the United States"Time magazineFor the"The great man”。
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦人物经历Reading time
(9) in 1888, Einstein into Louis boulder senior middle religious education in schools, accept bar mitzvah,friedmanIs guiding teacher.
1889 (10), tal mei guided in medical college students, reading popular science books and philosophical works.
1891 (12), and self-studyEuclidean geometry, feel fanatical love, also began to self-studyHigher mathematics。
(13) in 1892 and began to readKantOf the works.
(15), in 1894 the family moved to EinsteinItaly。
In 1895 (16), self-studyDifferential and integral same year, Einstein at the Swiss federal institute of college entrance examination tein began to think about when a person is inThe speed of lightMovement when they see what usion on the classical theory of internal contradictions.
O 1896 (17), a high school October 29, Einstein moved toZurichAnd at the Swiss federal institute of technology college.
On October 19, 1899 (20), Einstein formally applyThe SwissCitizenship.
In August 1900 (21), who graduated from EinsteinThe federal university of technology in Zurich;12 months to complete the paper "the conclusions reached by the capillary phenomenon", published in the journal of physics in leipzig, the following year into Swiss.
On March 21, 1901 (22),The leted in 5 - July this yearElectric potential differencethethermodynamicsThe theory of papers.
After graduation
On June 16, 1902 (23), and employed by Bern, Switzerland Patent Office.
In 1903 (24), with his college friendsShe Mary gTo get re they got married had her first child.
In September 1904 (25), from the patent trial personnel to formal tertiary technician.
(26) in March, 1905Quantum theory,Light quantum hypothesisTo solve theThe photoelectric effectThe l toThe university of ZurichPaper put forward a new measurement of molecular size, have a complete paper"The theory of electrodynamics of moving bodies, independent and complete put forward special relativity principle, create a new era of year, therefore is called"Einstein's miracle years”。
In April 1906 (27), promoted to the Patent Office level 2 mber completed solidSpecific heatPaper, this is the first paper about quantum theory of solids.
In 1907 (28) promoted to the Patent Office level technicians.
In October 1908 (29), concurrentlyThe university of BernSide of lecturer.
In October 1909 (30), leave the Bern Patent Office, associate professor of theoretical physics.
In October 1910 (31), finish onCritical opalescenceThe paper.
In 1911 (32), from Switzerland moved to Prague.
In 1912 (33), the paper puts forward "photochemical equivalent" law.
In 1913 (34), return to Germany, William bo-lin ren, director of the physics research and the emperorHumboldt university in BerlinProfessor, and was electedPrussia,Academy of sciences.
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦震惊世界(35) in April 1914, Einstein accepted the invitation of the German scientific August, that is, broke outThe first world is living in the birthplace of the surrounded by advocates of the war, are firmly that his anti-war September, Einstein anti-war groups have initiated the "new country alliance", was declared illegal in the organization, members of a large number of arrest and persecution under the condition of the underground, Einstein is still determined to take part in the secret activities of the October, Germany's scientific and cultural communities under the manipulation and incitement of militarists, issued a "civilized world declaration", in GermanyWar of aggressionDefense, advocating the German higher than all, the whole world should accept "true spirit" in the "declaration" of ninety-three people, is the prestigious German scientists, artists, and thenernst、roentgen、ostwald、The PlanckIn the signed face to ask for Einstein's signature, he flatly refused, and at the same time, he was resolutely signed on to the anti-war "against the letter of his name.
In November 1915 (36), and puts forward"General theory of relativity"Complete form of gravity equation, and successfully explained the ment.
In March 1916 (37), finish the summary paper "the basis of the general theory of may, the space is limited unbounded hypothesis is put August, complete "on the quantum theory of radiation", summarizes the development of quantum theory, put forward the stimulated radiation theory.
38 (1917),LeninLed by the Soviet union after the victory of socialist revolution, Einstein was very support this great revolution, praise it is one of the world will have the decisive significance and great social practice, and said: "I respectLeninBecause he is a complete self-sacrifice and dedication for the realization of social justice with all my heart.I don't think his method is practical, but one thing is certain: the type of person, such as he is a supporter of human conscience and reengineering."
(40) in 1919, Einstein and m she divorce, in the same year, love it with your cousin marriage.
Because of (42) in 1921, EinsteinThe photoelectric effectThe research andThe Nobel Prize in physicsAnd his research pushQuantum mechanicsThe development January, the same year on Jan. 27 at the Prussian academy of sciences for the geometry and experience of the report.
In February,AmsterdamTake part in the international union l 5 solstice on May 30, in order to giveJerusalemtheHebrew universityCreated to raise money, together with the weizmann's first visitThe United lumbia University,Barnard's e White HouseMet by President ng a visit toChicago、BostonandPrincetonPeriod, had four teaching the theory of June, visit to the UK, and pay the Newton cemetery.
In January 1922 (43), finish onUnified field theoryThe first paper.3 - April visit to France, efforts to promote the franco-german relationship ished critical Mach's philosophy of April,The international union for theIntellectual cooperation July, threatened by murder, temporarily g the way to accessColombo,、Singapore、Hong KongandShanghai。
On November 9, 1922, on the way to the Japan - Shanghai, Einstein knew was awarded the 1921 by telegraphThe Nobel Prize in physics。
On February 2, 1923 (44), on his way home from Japan, toThe PalestinianVisit, stay in 12 days.
On February 8, 1923, has become the first honorary citizen of tel The PalestinianReturn to Germany on the way, visit to march, Einstein was disappointed in the league of nations ability, put forward a resignation to the league of nations.6 - July, to help create a "new Russian friends association", and become the members of the July, togothenburgAccept the 1921 Nobel tivity and presentation as thanks to receive the Nobel dCompton effectTo solve theThe photonThe concept of medium and long-term December, the first guessQuantum effectsMay come from the excessive constraint of general relativity field equations.
In 1924 (45 years of age) to join the Berlin jewish organizations, and to become a member of the pay the membership June, reconsidering to join the league of December, the last major found that fromStatistical fluctuationAnalysis and draw a wave in the material association of independent this time, also foundCondensed bose - Einstein。
In 1925 (46) employed to DE su cooperation group "member of" Oriental culture technology , June, goSouth GandhiAnd others together, sign the objector pt the popular science column ebrew universityWork of the board of ished "the non Euclidean geometry and physics".
In 1926 (47)HeisenbergTalk aboutQuantum mechanicsPhilosophical pt the astronomer royal gold pt for the Soviet academy of sciences.
(48) in February, 1927Bobby plugDraft of theThe fascistSign the easInternational anti-imperialist illiteracy, was elected honorary the 5th OctoberBrusselsSolvay physics workshop, start withCopenhagen schoolFierce debate on the explanation of quantum mechanics ed the Newtonian mechanics and its impact on development of theoretical physics.
In January 1928 (49), was chosen as "the German human rights alliance" (formerly known as the "new country alliance") German ng, due to overwork body, poor health, da fu, recuperate, to Switzerland and to recuperate youth to give ed the basic concepts of physics to the recent changes " April, Helen ducasse to Einstein's home as a private secretary to the life.
In February 1929 (50), issued theUnified field theory"h, 50th birthday, hide in the suburbs in order to avoid the birthday t visit to the Belgian royal, queen Elizabeth as friendship, always communicate with the queen of Belgium until Planck September, with French mathematicianAda horseaboutWar and peaceDebate, insist to unconditionally opposed to all wars.
Discontent in 1930 (51) the international union in improving international relations, who had been offered to may, in the"
International women's peace and freedom alliance "world disarmament sign statement. In July, the objectivity of truth to argue with tagore. On December 11, 1931 - March 4, Einstein's first visit to the United States, mainly in theThe California institute of technology。
On December 13, 1930, the mayor walker gave Einstein the gold key of New York City.
On December 19, 20, 1930, a visit to ished "my world", "religion and science" and so on.
In March 1931 (52), back from the United may, visit to the UKOxfordTo give November, called for countries toJapanEconomic blockade, to stop its military invasion of December, again go toCaliforniaTo give attend the 1932 international conference on disarmament, specially and published a series of ished "maxwell its influence on the development of the concept of physical reality.
In February 1932 (53), for the German pacifist oce, is observedtreasonIn pasadena, trying to march, from the United States back to may, after the lecture to Cambridge and Oxford, arrive to attend the conference on disarmament in Geneva, was extremely June, with murphy's talk about the causal July, with Freud communication, to discuss the psychological problems of an called on the people rose up to defend the weimar republic, fully against December 10, and his wife left Germany for the United planned to visit the United States, however, they never set foot on German soil.
In 1933 (54) raid in Nazi Germany governmentBerlinApartment, burnt their books, confiscation of property, and a thousand mark for his tein was inPrinceton university,As a visiting professor at that message after joining the American nationality.
In 1934 (55) corpus "my world" by following the son-in-law Rudolf gregg keizer editing and May 1935 to Bermuda for short-term the Bermuda formally applied to always live in the United is the last time he left the United nklin more ear and rosen cooperation, published toCopenhagenSchool challenges papers, claimed that quantum mechanics to describe it is order to makeThe Nobel peace prizeGiven in Nazi concentration camps in the west, and to run.
With (57) started in 1936The fieldHoffman and cooperative research movement problem of general died on December 20, ished in physics and it ","The theory of education》。
In March 1937 (58) - September, by the verdet penned popular book"The evolution of physics" march, solidarity with China"Seven gentlemen". In June, with the field and hoffman collaboration paper the problem of gravity equation and motion, motion equation is derived from the field equations of general relativity.
In 1938 (59) with ingmar bergman co-author papers kaluza electrical theory of promotion.
On August 2, 1939 (60), under the szilard to promote your booksRooseveltThe President, recommend to usAtomic energyResearch, prevent Germany beat masterThe atomic er Maya from Europe to the United States, in Einstein's home to stay for a long time.
On May 15, 1940 (61), published on the foundation of theoretical physics examination " May 22, callRoosevelt, against America's neutral October 1, a nationality to the United tein wrote a famous paper in the same year, defending his this proposition, namely "I do not believe in a personal god".
1941 (62), published in science and religion "and other articles.
In October 1942 (63), inThe jewsSigning Sue warmly praised at the meeting the Soviet union in terms of achievement.
In 1943 (May 64), as a science advisory work in the United States navy.
1944 (65) to support the anti-fascist war, special theory of relativity thesis manuscript of 6 million auction for $6 ished to RussellepistemologyThe December, with stern,BohrdiscussAtomic weaponsAnd the problem of the post-war peace, follow Bohr's advice, temporary silence.
(66) in March, 1945Leo szilardDiscuss the dangers of atomic arms, write introduce szilard to seeRoosevelt, not if April, retired from higher academic research institute (in fact still continue to work as usual) September, published a series of consecutive regarding the world of atomic war and the government.
In 1946 (May 67), launched a "atomic scientists very committee", as the may, accept a honorary doctorate degree in Lincoln ing a "report", review of life on the way of scientific may, sister Maya paralysis due to stroke, studying every night to her October, toThe United Nations general assemblyWrite a letter, urgedWorld government。
1947 (68), continue to post a lot about the world September, published an open letter, suggestedThe United NationsRestructuring government for the world.
In April 1948 (69), with sharp linley cooperation, astronomers to against the United States' preparation for "preventive war" against the Soviet nst the United States generally military ished "the quantum mechanics and true" m she in December, laparotomy, found a big in the abdominal aortaThe aneurysm。
On January 13, 1949 (70), Einstein was discharged from January, write the answer to criticism, the Copenhagen school in corpus of Albert Einstein: philosopher, scientist for the November, "atomic scientists very committee" stop activities.
February 13, 1950 (71), in a televised speech, against the United States manufacturingThe hydrogen April, published on the general theory of gravity."Old age" March 18th, the will was signed and Nathan named as the sole Heritage by Nathan and ducasse Shared ers and manuscripts is eventually storageHebrew r terms include: the violin to Sun Zibo ha DE Caesar.
1951 (72), published articles and letters in a row, points out that the armament expansion policy of the United States is a serious obstacle to world June, sister Maya in long-term paralysis after September, "atomic scientists very committee" dissolution.
1952 (73) published the theory of relativity and space problem, the introduction of some basic introduction November, the first President of IsraelHaim weizmannAfter the death of the Israeli government, he served as President of 2 please, be rejected.
On April 3, 1953 (74), write to Bern age friend tribute Olympia academy of sciences, memorial youth May 16, to the persecution of teachers fraunhofer glass written reply, resolutely resist calls on American intellectualsThe fascistPersecution, caused a big honor of the born to retire onQuantum mechanicsExplanation of the thesis, the resulting a fierce debate between two ished "the concept of < space > order".
Disease later in life
In March 1954 (75), 75 - year - old birthday, through "emergency council for civil liberties," callThe people of the United StatesFighting against the fascist march, senator McCarthy publicly reprimanded by the United States as "enemies of the United may, issued a statement to protestOppenheimer,The political autumn of hemolytic anemia, stay in bed for a few November 18, in a statement posted on the journal reporter, don't want toThe United StatesDo scientists, and would rather be a craftsman or vendor and completed the asymmetric theory of relativistic.
In February 1955 (76), communication with Russell to talk about peace march, write the readme fragment, memories of youth to learn and scientific exploration of the April 3, withCohen,Talk about the problem such as the history of April 5, dismissed the fascists to buckle his "subversive" April 11, sign the April 13, when drafting a television speech severe abdominal pain, after a diagnosis April 15 rijin Princeton April 18, was diagnosed with EinsteinAortic aneurysmIn his sleep at midnight, 18, difficulty breathing, aortic aneurysm rupture ruptured cerebral hemorrhage, and diedPrinceton.A man namedThomas HarveyBy the doctor anatomical Einstein remains some time, with Einstein's family "quietly" to take the Einstein's pathology doctor want the future to neural science to study Einstein's brain, to find out why Einstein's comply with EinsteinA will, held no funeral after his death, also not built tomb, not the monument, body is in accordance with the will be cremated, ashes scattered in a secret place forever, the purpose is not to bury his place as the holy land.
Personal life
At 11 o 'clock on March 14, 1879, 30 points, Einstein was born in GermanyUlm,City (Ulm, Kingdom of Wurttemberg, German Empire) 135 class hoff parents areThe jews。
Father: Hermann Einstein,Hermann Einstein) birthday on August 30, 1847, 32, when Einstein was born;
Mother: Pauline Koch (bao ling Koch) birthday on February 8, 1858, Einstein was born at the age of 21.
On November 18, 1881, Einstein's sister Maya inMunichWas born.
Einstein and his ex-wife m she had an unmarried daughter li searle (1902 (I see him), 1963 -), but Einstein in 1903 to 1903 she married m, she later to Einstein gave birth to two sonsHans Albert EinsteinandEdward Albert Einstein。
Einstein's second wife, love she is his cousin, was also his cousin, because their mothers are blood sisters, their grandfather, they are all put lu Albert marriage love it from 1919 to 1919, tein's second son Edward with m she family genetic influenceschizophreniaAnd remained single all his eldest son, Hans Albert Einstein was the United StatesThe university of California at BerkeleytheWater conservancy projectProfessor, has three children, the eldest son bernhard, Caesar, Einstein was a physicist, the second son Klaus Martin (1932-1938), and had other sons and hard, Caesar, Einstein had five children, the youngest child Thomas became a doctor Einstein, Paul Albert Einstein is a violinist.
Einstein's grandson Bern gerhard, Caesar, Einstein letters record grandpa is the most precious itemsThe violinandpipe。